Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) Essay

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) - Essay Example Consequently, the overall financial cost in the health care sector will reduce. With this in mind, PPACA has different modes by which it hopes to achieve the dream. This includes tax credits, mandates and subsidies (Feldman 26). In addition, individuals or employers are receiving the rate of coverage. Logically, this reform aids with the improving of health care programs and also the delivery of health care services. Moreover, PPACA states that insurance companies need to offer equal rates in spite of the conditions in existence and cover every applicant (Feldman 33). As a result, there will be few deficits and less expenditure within the Medicare. In summary, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act cause several reactions especially from the conservatives who consider it bogus. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act has existed since 2010 after being signed by President Barack Obama. However, this reform affects several policies that have been in existence. The reasons includ e disregarding of policies or conditions (Feldman 33). This means that every member of the community will undergo the same rating. Therefore, the premiums ought to be the same regardless of the geographical position, gender or other conditions. Therefore, there is a guarantee of issues. Additionally, there is sharing of the responsibility unless one belongs to a religious group (Feldman 35). Therefore, an individual that is not covered under a health care plan should receive a waiver when he or she is experiencing some hardships. Moreover, this will position the small scale businesses to compare their premiums and policies with those of the government. In addition, the government will subsidize the premiums of people living below the poverty line. This also applies to small scale businesses. Moreover, the same favors should extend to the members of that particular family. In addition, there should be a modification of the policies that state the minimum standards of coverage. Additi onally, the insurance companies need to cover their employees with the same policies as it is a government requirement. In summary, these changes enable people to access affordable health care services since they will handle the payment. Arguably, this reform has led to several reactions. This is because it seems to suppress the insurance companies. Consequently, this issue found its way into the courts. However, the Supreme Court of America states that it is constitutional since it has the President’s signature. Consequently, it is known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (McDonough 57). It is also important to note that millions of people within America cannot afford to buy medical premiums because they are expensive. Additionally, the reform seems to force every individual to buy an insurance cover. Consequently, some people feel that PPACA interferes with their civic right, which is liberty (McDonough 62). In summary, the insurance companies feel th at the reform interferes with their businesses while other people feel that they need their liberty to choose whether to buy the insurance cover or not. The Supreme Court did consider that it has the power to ignore the ruling until 2014 (McDonough 77). This is because an act prevents the court from making a decision until 2014. This is because the federal mandate has not yet taken effect. Therefore, the court cannot consider a tax constitutional before

Aquatic Flora of Pulicat Lake Essay Example for Free

Aquatic Flora of Pulicat Lake Essay Pulicat lake derived its name from a vernacular name ‘Palaverkadu’ means plants with many number of roots. Those plants are mangroves with aerial roots called Pneumatophores. The word mangrove is considered to be a combination of the Portuguese word â€Å"Mangue† and English Word â€Å"Grove†. These are salt tolerant plants and are rich in this area and might be the reason for that name. The lake harbours rich and valued floristic wealth because of its varied ecological habitat viz., salt marshes, canals, mangroves, islands, low lying areas etc. A careful study of literature revealed that the lake has hardly received attention by the botanical explorers and hence it has remained botanically under-explored so far. But its fauna was extensively studied by many zoologists Nanda Kumar et.al . A.R.KSastry and T.A. Rao (1973) in their extensive study on the flora and vegetation of Coastal Andhra Pradesh, have recorded about 15 species from the island of the lake. Pulicat lake derived its name from a vernacular name ‘Palaverkadu’ means plants with many number of roots. The lagoon’s boundary limits range between 13.33 ° to 13.66 ° N and 80.23 ° to 80.25 °E, with a dried part of the lagoon extending up to 14.0 °N.; with about 84% of the lagoon in Andhra Pradesh and 16% in Tamil Nadu. The large spindle-shaped barrier island named Sriharikota separates the lake from the Bay of Bengal. Area Three major Rivers which feed the lagoon are Arani river, Kalangi river and Swarmukhi river. The Buckingham Canal, a navigation Channel is part of the lagoon on its western side. It is connected to the sea through three tidal inlets, one each at Tupilipalem, Rayadoruvu and Pulilcat villages respectively, from north to south. Study was undertaken in the Pulicat lake and data of aquatic flora collected by frequent visits during 2009-2010. Close up Photographs of as many as possible and associations depicting the richness of the macrophytes of the lake were taken. Herbaria of various aquatic plants also collected for future reference. Herbaria-specimens are preserved at N.B.K.R. Medicinal Plant Research Centre, Vidyanagar, Nellore District. Results and Discussions Brackish water is more saltier than fresh water and less saltier than sea water. Hence it is biologically more productive than either freshwater or sea water. It shows very rich aquatic population diversity including free floating, submerged, suspended, marginal, amphibious plants along with halophytes and mangroves. Region of pulicat lake includes salt marshes, canals and mangroves. Salt marshes often inundated by backwaters are mostly occupied by halophytes. They include Aleuropous lagopoides, Etriplex repens, Cressa cretica, Crotalaria retusa, Cyparus haspan, Fimbristylils ferrugenea, Salilchornia brachiata , Sesuvium portulacastrum Etc. Similar halophytic species scattered along the banks of Buckingham canal and Vapenjeri canal flowing with brackish water. Halophila ovalis popularly called sea grass belong to the family Hydrochariticeae appear prominently all along the margins Buckingham canal. Small mangrove pockets are located at two places namely near Vepenjeri canal close to Chandrasikuppam, and near Chengalpalem. Four species of mangroves belonging to four families are prominent over here. They include Aegiceras corniculatus of Myrsiraceae, Avicennia marina of Aviceiniaceae, Excoecaria agallocha of Euphorbiaceae and Lumintzera racemosa of Combretaceae. They develop pneumatophores in response to oxygen deficient conditions Significance of macrophytes to the lake: Macrophytes provide cover for fish and substrate for aquatic invertebrates, produce oxygen and act as food for some fish and wild life. Established mangrove roots provide an oyster habitat and slow water flow, there by enhancing sediment deposition. The fine anoxic sediments under mangroves act as sinks for a variety of heavy (trace) metal with colloidal particles in the sediments scavenged from the water. They protect coastal areas from erosion, storms and tsunamis. Their massive root systems are efficient at dissipating wave energy. Conclusion A decline in the macrophytic population may indicate water quality problem. They may be the result of excessive turbidgidy, pollutants including herbicides or salinization. It may lead to a major socio economic problem. One village in Tamilnadu was protected from tsunami destruction. That village is Naluvedapathy planted 80.244 saplings to get into the Guinness Book of World Records. This created a kilometer wide belt of trees of various varieties. When the tsunami struck, much of the land around the village was flooded but the village escaped form minimal damage. Many conservative methods have to be practiced to protect the macrophytic flora of the lake.

An Argument for the Use of Due :: essays papers

An Argument for the Use of Due Due to a lack of attention or understanding of English grammar, many Americans have, for several generations, used the adjective due as part of a prepositional phrase to introduce adverbial elements- to the disapproval of some strict grammarians. Although I prefer their prescription, for reasons of style, I must oppose their claim to correctness, on the pragmatic grounds of logic and sensibility. The most shakily grounded argument against the adverbial use is one of etiquette or style. Wilson Follett considers this use as "poor workmanship" which is "loose and lawless....rare in writers other than those who take advantage of every latitude." (Follett). H. W. Fowler also reveals a negative bias in his statement that "due to is often used by illiterates" ( Qtd. in Morris). But, as Bergen Evans said, "it is used to qualify a verb millions of times every day. And it is used in this way in very respectable places." So, if we are to devise and enforce laws of grammar based on usage by a particular social class or the preference of some who disapprove of its workmanship-who I might add are a minority-then we should sharpen our pencils, and prepare our oratories, for the battle we've begun hardly ends with this issue and is certain to be long and arduous. A second argument, best stated by Follett, that not every locution is right by virtue of its existence, appears to highlight the noble defense of language from the deterioration caused by uneducated and uncouth use. If this were the case here, I would heartily applaud Follett and Fowler for their defense. But it is not the case. For example, engraved tablets adorning the Philadelphia state house read, " Here sat the Continental Congress...except when...it sat in Baltimore, and in...Lancaster and in...York, due to the temporary occupation of Philadelphia by the British army." (Qtd. In Evans). And in 1957 Queen Elizabeth II opened her addressed of the Canadian parliment with, "Due to inability to market their grain, prairie farmers have been faced for some time with a shortage of sums..." (qtd. In Morris). The wide spread, public and formal use of due to for adverbial elements hardly qualifies it as uneducated or uncouth and actually contradicts the definition of locution. In fac t, if precise usage is the issue, I think it would be more accurate to call the grammarians substitution of other phrases in adverbial uses a locution.

Holocaust Argument Paper

English 112- 10 am March 16, 2013 The Holocaust Dilemma The Holocaust created many broken hearts and hardships that have left the world with a great scar in their history. This terrible event that occurred during WWII in Jewish concentration camps should not be taken lightly when speaking of it. Many scientists believe that good information came about of the Holocaust and although this can be accurate it is wrong to consider using information that was collected through pain, murders, injustices, and inhumane acts of cruelty to Jewish men, women, and children.Heavy experimentation was conducted on unwilling patients in concentration camps during World War II. Experiments on hypothermia, hemorrhage, altitude sickness, air pollution, etc. were conducted on innocent Jewish people with the pretext that Jewish lives were nonetheless already condemned. Much information was obtained through this heavy experimentation thus many doctors and scientist today claim that this information should be used due to the accuracy of human testing compared to animal testing. Lives can be saved with this information; hence the lives of the murdered Jews will not be left in vain.There have been cases where Nazi data could have been relevant and justified to use because of multiple medical advances. Take the chilling/ freezing bodies experiments for consideration; Doctor John Hayward, a Biology Professor at the Victoria University in Vancouver, Canada conducted freezing experiments on willing candidates; however, he did not let the body temperature of his patients drop under 36 degrees. According to Peter Tyson in â€Å"The Experiments,† Hayward tested many methods to find the most efficient and fastest way to rewarm the frozen body.Although he ethically conducted these experiments, they were not nearly as valuable as the experiments compared to the tests conducted by the Nazis in Dachau because they immersed victims in lower temperatures. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA ) also questioned whether or not the data retained from the Holocaust should be utilized when testing air pollutants such as phosgene used in the manufacturing of pesticides and plastic. Phosgene is very dangerous, attacking mainly the lungs and creating a mucus build up leading to death of â€Å"drowning†.EPA had information of phosgene because of animal testing but is not nearly as accurate as human testing. In this case, Nazi data could have been a good resource to help save lives of workers and commuters who were constantly in contact with the air pollutant phosgene. Although it seems logical to turn to the data obtained from Nazi experimentation obtained from tests held in multiple different concentration camps, there are several reasons why this information should not be utilized. First of all there are large physiological differences between malnourished tortured Jews versus the regular average Joe.Second of all the scientific integrity of Nazis is questionable due to extreme prejudice and hate toward the Jewish; third of all the fact that the information attained after Nazi testing was never published creates misgivings in trusting that this data is correct. Scientists and doctors must consider the fact that all Jewish, gypsies, and people with disabilities were very unhealthy during experimentation. Dehydrated, hungry, poisoned, tortured, and so many other things were implemented on these innocent people.How can these test results be primarily employed when these Holocaust victims do not have nearly the same health people do today? According to Doctor Jay Katz of the Yale University School of Law, â€Å"Those experiments revealed nothing which civilized medicine can use† and that, â€Å"gross violation of human standards that they are not to be trusted at all. † Malnourishment and abuse was inflicted to mass groups of concentration camp victims thus their health does not measure up causing information obtained during WWII inaccura te. There are different methods in finding cures for hypothermia, altitude sickness, infectious diseases, etc. hrough heavy scientific research and development. Skepticism is inevitable when the so called experiments conducted by the Nazis to Jews are not published. Maybe it is the fact that much of the data necessary such as: sex, weight, and age are missing in many of the documentations. According to Baruch C. Cohen in the Jewsih Law Article, The Ethics Of Using Medical Data From Nazi Experiments, â€Å"The data was not recorded from scientific hypothesis and research, but rather, it was inspired and administered through racial ideologies of genocide. Although this abuse was inflicted with the justification that it was mere experimentation, it does not seem safe to use when vital information is absent. Experiments conduce important information; however scientific experimentation is recorded with different body ranges such as: sex, age, weight, medical history, etc. if this inform ation is lacking then wouldn’t there be a large concern that Nazi data will not be accurate enough to help lives today but rather perpetrate medical patients.Yes there is always a risk when surgeries are performed, but personally I would want the information to come from someone who was tested with the same disease to be in similar health than me. Not only was medical experimentation immoral in Nazi concentration camps but there was also other horrid experimentations inflicted on the victims of Holocaust concentration camps. In the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum there are pictures that prove human flesh was utilized for lamp shades and book bindings along with other preserved body parts such as hair and remaining organs from experimentation.Soap made from human bones and flesh was also made from the testing in WWII Holocaust concentration camps. How can one imagine showering while the condensed body of a loved one melts on their skin? How can doctors today still beli eve it is ok to use all the information gathered through agony, pain, and unjust suffering of innocent Jews? How can a scientist be so lazy to morally and ethically make discoveries through heavy research? It is wrong to use information discovered through the abominable experiments inflicted in concentration camps during the Holocaust when there are other ways to find similar sightings.The inhumane acts of violence and repulsive experiments tested on those who were victims of concentration camps during the Holocaust have created tinted data. Although it may be tempting to review the data discovered though human testing in German concentration camps, scientists and doctors need to find a different method to discover similar data because this information may be inaccurate. As mentioned in previous paragraphs it is unethical and immoral to use the information gathered from scientists in the Holocaust concentration camps because their tests were conducted by prejudice and hatred reasoni ng.Sources Cited Kor, Eva Mozes. â€Å"Nazi Experiments as Viewed by a Survivor of Mengele's Experiments. † Caplan, Arthur L. When Medicine Went Mad: Bioethics and the Holocaust. Totowa: Humana Press, 1992. 7. Book. Cohen, Baruch C. â€Å"The Ethics Of Using Medical Data From Nazi Experiments. † 1997. Jewish Law Articles. Web. 1 December 2011. Remember. â€Å"Medical Experiments of the Holocaust and Nazi Medicine. † n. d. Remember. Web. 27 November 2011. Tyson, Peter. â€Å"The Experiments. † October 2000. NOVA Online. Web. 28 November 2011. â€Å"Nazi Propaganda. † 6 January 2011. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Web. 28 November 2011.

Iliad Book 1 Achilles Vs. Agamemnon Essay

In Homer’s, The Iliad, Book 1, â€Å"The Rage of Achilles,† one of the main concepts presented is the idea that the gods desire honor and glory. It is very evident that both Achilles and Agamemnon are in competition for more power and dominance. This idea is demonstrated primarily through the two prize women, Briseis and Chryseis, daughter of Chrsyses. While the Trojan war was going on, both Achilles and Agamemnon had a fight amongst themselves, rather than focusing on the war going on around them. Achilles claimed Briseis (the more desired of the two girls) and Agamemnon claimed Chrysies. Agamemnon really wanted Briseis because he believed he deserved her for being the chief of the Achaean forces, but by claiming Chrysies, Agamemnon was able to plot against Achilles. Chryses did not want his daughter to be in the hands of Agamemnon, so he begged and pleaded to Apollo to help in getting back his daughter. Apollo sent a plague on the Greek people, and Agamemnon then announced to Achilles that he would only give back Chryseis if he could have Briseis. This made Achilles very angry because he too believed that he deserved Briseis. Achilles was more concerned about keeping Briseis in order to look better, than making peace of the situation and trading Briseis for Chryseis. This showed how important it was to have honor and to appear in control. They put their desires for person honor and glory above the fact that there was a serious war going on around them by putting more focus on who would win the better of the two girls, overall reflecting the theme of dominance and control.